Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Write a letter to the Editor of an English daily about the problem caused by the use of plastic bag.

To
The Editor,
The Telegraph,
Kolkata—01.

Sir,

I shall be highly obliged if you kindly allow me a little space in the columns of your highly esteemed daily so that I may ventilate my opinion to draw the attention of the concerned / due authority about the problem caused by the plastic bags.

Of late, the plastic bags have shown a great problem in our sweet world. Some years ago, the bags made of paper or jute, were used. But now plastic bags are being used to carry food, vegetable, various necessary necessities. The main problem is that they neither discompose nor decay. Even they cannot be destroyed by burning. If they are burnt, it will cause pollution. Also these are not good for our health. These plastics prevent the seed to fertilize. So, now the boon of science has become a curse to us.

I , in view of all these, think that the due authority should take necessary steps as early as possible to solve this problem, otherwise the public grievance may, at any time, lead to a dire consequence.

Thanking you,

Yours faithfully,

Prasenjit Mondal

Dated Nadia,
Nrisinghapur
31/01/2020

DESCRIPTION OF CAR FESTIVAL OF KRISHNA DESCRIBED IN MY BIRTH PLACE BY N.C. CHAUDHURI

In author's birthplace, the quarter-to-four-anna zamindar house was famous for the car festival of Lord Krishna that was held in its grounds. That festival was held once in every year during the monsoon season. Though it rained every year, the huge crowd gathered at the festival ground. Also the children like the author went to the fair under the supervision of the servants. Children were given money to enjoy the fair and buy toys, dolls. In the fair, there were variety of different toys. The toy called "Spoilt Baby" was most popular toy among the children. Also there were clay made toys like cats, hounds in chains, cows, birds etc. Those toys seemed very real in colour and design. The children whistled the palm or coconut leave trumpets. When the car of Lord Krishna was drawn, no child was allowed to go near the car as it might cause fatal accident. Sometimes, as a belief, few men immolated their lives under the wheel of the car. Thus the car festival of Lord Krishna was celebrated in the birthplace of the author.

DESCRIBE THE QUARTER-TO-FOUR-ANNA ZAMINDAR HOUSE AS MENTIONED IN "MY BIRTH PLACE" BY N.C. CHAUDHURI.

The people of the author's side did not have to cross the river and go to the other side unless there was a quarter-to-four-anna zamindar house. The zamindar i.e. the owner of that house had fifteenth sixty fourth share of a big estate property on the other side. That estate was founded in late 18th century or in early 19th century. That zamindar house was famous as an attraction as in that house there was water supplier tank that supplied pure, clearest and coolest water in the town for drinking.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

REACTION OF THE AUTHOR SEEING THE PROSTITUDES IN THE TEXT "MY BIRTH PLACE" BY N.C. CHAUDHURI

Writer's birthplace was Kishoregunj that was divided into two nearly in equal sizes by a river. On the opposite side of the river there were thirty or forty small huts. Those huts were inhabited by the prostitutes. The author feared and hated those women. If whenever they visited the author's side for any reason and came in front of the author, the boy author, in fear, used to put his hands on his eyes or run away to avoid their sight.

SHOW THE RELATION BETWEEN TWO SIDES OF THE RIVER MENTIONED IN THE TEXT " MY BIRTH PLACE" BY N. C. CHAUDHURI

Writer's birthplace was Kishoregunj. That town was divided into two nearly in equal by the river. The part of the writer contained mosque, temple, library, courts, treasury, school, hospital. On the other side, there were bazar and all important shops. As a result of it, that part majorly backed the economics of town. So the part that belonged to the writer was enriched with the strength of religion, culture, politics and divine rituals and they took pride in them and they always hated the people of other side.

Evaluate the Political importance of the play The Rising of the Moon by Lady Gregory. / Justify the play The Rising of the Moon by Lady Gregory as a political play.

Answer: The play The Rising of the Moon was written during that time when Ireland was under the bondage of British empire. At the time Irish people were divided into two groups-- one group was with British to obtain their own sake and they thought that they were happy and contended under the rule of British and they thought that they did did not have any need of nation's independence and the other group was very keen to obtain freedom. They could not endure the torture, hatred of British. They loved their nation so much that they feared their culture, identity might lose. This group of people were called revolutionaries. So in Ireland there existed a conflict between Irish people.

Under that circumstances playwright Lady Gregory realised the necessity of people's awaking in Irish movement. In order to to implant that revolutionary awaking among the Irish people who were not stimulated and active in the freedom movement, Gregory wrote this one act play. Also Gregory wanted to bring those people in the stream of revolution who thought they did not have any need of freedom because British government kept them happy. Through this play, Gregory had desired to convey her message that every Irishman should raise his or her voice against the tyrant British government.

She also thought that this revolutionary vision of the political independence couldn't be achieved if there was no national unity, broader Irish unity. So Gregory, in this play, had presented a Rebel who fled away from jail and trying to lead the freedom movement risking his own life against the British government. She presented the Rebel as a brave patriot who had firm resolution to carry the freedom movement. This character conveyed the message to every Irishman that defeating the fear, giving up life's luxury everyone should come ahead and join this movement. In this play another character a Sergeant who had been also patriot in his early life, now had accepted the slavery of British for his own sake and family. But later we see that that Sergeant became not only an another man and a patriot getting inspiration from the Rebel but also helped the rebel to flee away. The playwright thought that this incident would surely encourage those Irish slaves of British to come out of the indifference and British slavery and would raise their voice to free their nation from British empire. Thus Lady Gregory had been emphasizing on the unity of Irish people throughout the play. So considering the circumstances of Ireland, this play is a perfect example of political play.

Justify the title of the play "The Rising of The Moon" by Lady Gregory / Significance of the title of the play "The Rising of The Moon".

Answer: The title of any text, literary piece or play reflects its main theme and when the title fulfills this condition, it is called a justified title. Here the title of Lady Gregory's play "The Rising of The Moon"is not at all an exception.

The playwright has given the title to this play in a symbolic way. This title has a symbolic meaning and to understand it, we have to learn about the background of the play. This play is a Irish political play. At the time Ireland was under the rule of British and in 1798 Irishmen wanted their freedom from British. Irishmen begin to seek freedom from the bondage of slavery. When persecution became unbearable and people of Ireland raised voice against British empire. On that plot many Irish revolutionaries were born. They began movement for their motherland.

In this play we see that Police of Ireland under the command of British is searching for the rebel who has escaped from jail. That rebel is is determined to free Ireland from British. He in disguise comes across a Sergeant who is searching him to arrest. That Sergeant is a also an Irish. The rebel by his songs, behaviour attracts the mind of the Sergeant and has able to rouse And finally the rebel reveals his identity and getting the favour of the Sergeant, flees away from there. Before going away, he expresses his optimism that one day Ireland will be free. Here in the title the word 'Rising' symbolizes geting fulfillment of desire and the word 'Moon' symbolises freedom. Just as at night, the moon Perishes the darkness, in the same way the playwright things that one day the darkness of bondage will get light from the rise of revolution. So in every sense, the title of the one act play "The Rising of the Moon" is very much apt.

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QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

THE RISING OF THE MOON BY LADY GREGORY.

*********************

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QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

COMPULSORY ENGLISH

(LCC1- & LCC2)

Character of Ragged man. Or, Sketch the character of The Ragged man of the play "The Rising of the Moon" by Lady Gregory.

Answer: Dramatist Lady Gregory's famous one act play "The Rising of the Moon" is a political play deals in revolutionary movement of Ireland against British rule. In this play a Ragged man is introduced who is a rebel for freedom. He is is an interesting as well as a mysterious character.

Police is searching for him to arrest for revolutionary movement activities against British rule, but he is very much keen to meet his friend by the seashore. So he takes disguise of a poor ballad singer. He is is so adept in makeup that the Sergeant cannot recognize him. Also he is a singer too and can sing ballad songs that have an appealing tone to melt anybody's heart. He is very brave and so overcoming the fear he comes near the Sergeant and begins to converse with him. He is so careful that after spending a long time with Sergeant, smoking singing and sitting together, he has been able to hide his real identity from him and the Sergeant cannot doubt or recognise him. But at the very end of the play he reveals his real identity only to show his bravery, his insistence to free his own land from British. Patriotism can make man very powerful in mind, careless for life and he is the real example. He knows that the Sergeant is also a native man of Ireland and so the ragged man takes a chance two rouse patriotism in Sergeant's mind. And he becomes successful to do that by his heart-touching patriotic songs, friendly behaviour. It is notable that a police officer like this Sergeant who is very careful to his duty, gets changed totally and betrays his own department. He not only helps the Ragged man to flee away but also lies to his own two policemen. For this, all credit goes to the Ragged man.

So from the very beginning of the play we observe the Ragged man as a clever, true leader, psychoanalyst, die-heart country lover and real hero. He is grateful too as he does not forget to express his gratitude to the Sergeant who helps him. He is very much optimistic about the fact that one day Ireland will get freedom and then he will pay back Sergeant's debt. Thus our playwright has superbly turned an ordinary character into an extraordinary one.

Monday, October 28, 2019

SHORT QUESTIONS ON "LEELA'S FRIEND" BY R. K. NARAYAN

1. Who is the author of the short story “Leela’s Friend” ?

Ø R. K. Narayan is the author of the short story “Leela’s Friend”.

2. From where has this story been taken?

Ø This story has been taken from Malgudi Days by R. K. Narayan.

3. In which year was Malgudi Days published?

Ø Malgudi Days was published in 1942.

4. Who is the main character of this story?

Ø Sidda is the main character of this story.

5. Who was Sidda?

Ø The main character of the story Leela’s Friend, Sidda was a poor boy and he was appointed in Mr. Sivasanker’s house as a servant.

6. Who was Leela?

Ø Leela was Sivasanker’s five-year-old daughter and she became a good friend with Sidda.

7. Who was Mr. Sivasanker?

Ø Mr. Sivasanker was Leela’s father and he worked in a office.

8. On which matter was Sivasanker brooding over?

Ø Sivasanker was brooding over the servant problem.

9. What was Sidda doing when Sivasanker was standing in the front veranda?

Ø When Sivasanker was standing in the front veranda, Sidda was hanging about the gate asking for job.

10. What was Sivasanker’s first thought about Sidda?

Ø Sivasanker thought that Sidda did not seem to be a bad fellow and also he looked tidy.

11. Where did Sidda worked before coming to Sivasanker?

Ø Before coming to Sivasanker, Sidda worked in a doctor’s bungalow near the market.

12. Why had Sidda no work?

Ø Sidda had no work as the doctor had left the town in whose house he worked before.

13. What were Sidda given in return for his work in Sivasanker’s house?

Ø In return for his work in Sivasanker’s house Sidda was given two meals a day and four rupees a month.

14. What was Sidda’s duty in in Sivasanker’s house?

Ø Sidda had to wash clothes, tend the garden, run errands, chop woods, and look after Leela in Sivasanker’s house.

15. What did Sidda do when Leela called him to play?

Ø When Leela called Sidda to play, Sidda had to drop any work he might be doing and run to her.

16. How did Sidda throw the ball up?

Ø Sidda clutched the ball, closed his eyes for a second, and threw the ball up.

17. “He called his wife”—who is’he’? when did he call his wife?

Ø Here ‘he’ is Mr. Sivasanker.

Ø When Sidda came to Sivasanker in search for job, he could not able to decide about Sidda. Then he called his wife.

18. What did Leela’s mothere opine about Sidda?

Ø According to Leela’s mother, Sidda did not seem worse than the other servants.

19. What finalized Sidda’s job?

Ø Seeing Sidda, Leela became very happy and he persuaded her father to keep Sidda as their servant. It finalized Sidda’s job.

20. “And that decided it”—What does ‘it’ mean here?

Ø Here ‘it’ means the decision to keep Sidda in Sivasanker’s house as a servant.

21. Which game did Leela and Sidda play with each other? How did they play?
Ø They played ball throwing game with each other with a red ball.

Ø Leela flung the ball at Sidda and he flung it back to her. Thus they played with each other.

22. Why did Leela always want to get Sidda’s company?

Ø Leela always wanted to get Sidda’s company because his company made her supremely happy.

23. What did Sidda say after throwing the ball up?

Ø After throwing the ball up Sidda said that the ball has touched the moon and a little bit the moon is sticking to the ball.

24. “I don’t see it”— who is ‘I’ here? What does ‘it’ refer?

Ø Here ‘I’ refers to the Leela.

Ø Here ‘it’ refers to the moon sticking to the ball.

25. “You must be very quick”—Why must she be very quick to see the bit of the moon sticking?

Ø Leela must be very quick to see the bit of the moon sticking because if she does not do that quickly, the moon sticking would evaporate and go back to the moon again.

26. How did Sidda allow Leela to see the moon sticking?

Ø Sidda covered the ball very tightly with his finger and allowed Leela to peep through a little gap to see the moon sticking.

27. How is moon according to Sidda?

Ø According to Sidda the moon is wet and he knew the moon very well.

28. What is in the sky according to Sidda?

Ø According to Sidda there is God in the Sky.

29. How could Sidda touch the moon? / When had Sidda touched the moon?
Ø Whenever there is a big moon in the sky, Sidda climbed a coconut tree and stretching his hand he had touched the moon.

30. Who first noticed the loss of Leela’s gold chain?

Ø Leela’s mother first noticed the loss of Leela’s gold chain.

31. “You see the moon there”—Which place is referred to here?

Ø The place near the rose plant where Sidda and Leela were standing, is referred to here.

32. “Now come with me”—Who said this and to whom? Which place is the person asked to come?

Ø Sidda said this to Leela. Sidda asked Leela to come backyard near the well.

33. “Sidda knows the moon”-- Who said this and to whom?

Ø Leela said this to her mother.

34. When did Leela hold a class? Who was her student?

Ø At dusk Leela held a class? Sidda was her student.

35. What were in Leela’s box?

Ø There were catalogues, illustrated books, stumps of pencils in Leela’s box.

36. What gave Leela a great joy?

Ø To play the teacher’s role to Sidda gave Leela a great joy.

37. What was Siidda’s duty during the class?
Ø During the class Sidda had to try or copy whatever Leela wrote or drew on the pages of her catalogues.

38. What did Leela know and what did she teach Sidda?

Ø Leela knew two or three letters in alphabet and could draw a kind of cat or crow. she taught Sidda only those.

39. “She pitid him”—Who pitied and whom? Why did she pity him?

Ø Here Leela pitied Sidda because he was fail to copy or draw what Leela wrote on her catalogue.

40. Why did Leela redouble her efforts?

Ø Leela redoubled her efforts only to teach Sidda how to write or copy.

41. How was Sidda as a student?

Ø Sidda was a very poor student and though Sidda was adept at controlling the moon, was utterly incapable of playing the pencil.

42. How much time did Leela keep Sidda, pinned to his seat?

Ø Leela kept Sidda, pinned to his seat until his stiff, inflexible wrist cracked.

43. How did Sidda seek relief from the class?

Ø Sidda sought relief from Leela’s class by saying that probably Leela’s mother was calling her to dinner

44. When did Leela run to bed?

Ø After dinner Leela ran to her bed.

45. Where did Sidda sit while telling Leela stories at the bed time?

Ø While telling Leela stories at the bed time Sidda sat down on the floor near Leela’s bed.

46. Who put Leela to sleep and how?

Ø Sidda put Leela to sleep by telling her so many incomparable stories at her bed time.

47. What type of stories did Sidda tell Leela?

Ø Sidda told Leela so many incomparable stories of animal in the jungle, Gods in the heaven, of magicians and of their powers.

48. What was mother’s reaction after seeing the loss the Leela’s chain?
Ø Seeing the loss of Leela’s chain, her mother asked Leela about the chain and then she slapped her.

49. When did Sidda’s throat go dry?

Ø When Leela’s mother asked Sidda about Leela’s missing chain, Sidda’s throat went dry.

50. Why did Leela’s mother go into the kitchen?

Ø Leela’s mother went into the kitchen because she had left something in the oven.

51. “Sidda vanished into the night”—Why did Sidda vanish?

Ø Sidda vanished into the night because he was afraid of being caught by police as Leela’s mother was suspecting his as the thief of Leela’s missing chain.

52. Why did Sivasanker go to the police station?

Ø Sivasanker went to the police station to lodge a complaint about the theft, probably committed by Sidda.

53. Why did Leela refuse to go to bed?

Ø Leela refused to go to bed as Sidda was not there to tell her stories.

54. Why was Leela angry with her mother?

Ø Leela was angry with her mother as mother always abused and worried Sidda.

55. Why was it impossible to tell Leela story for her mother?

Ø It was impossible to tell Leela story for her mother as her mother’s mind was disturbed by the thought of theft committed by Sidda.

56. Which thought made Leela’s mother panicky?

Ø The thought which made Leela’s mother panicky was that Sidda who knew the whole planning of the household, might come in at night and might rob.

57. What was Leela’s point of view on Sidda’s departure from their house?

Ø Leela thought that Sidda had gone as he was not allowed to sleep inside the house just as they did.

58. Where did Sidda sleep at night?
Ø Sidda slept outside of the house at the night.

59. What did Sivasanker come to know about Sidda from police?

Ø Sivasanker came to know about Sidda from police that he was an old criminal and he had been in jail for several times for stealing jewellery from children.

60. How many times did Sidda go to jail in previous time?

Ø In previous time Sidda went to jail for half a dozen times.

61. For what was Sidda in jail for many times?

Ø Sidda was in jail for many times for stealing jewellery from children.

62. Why was police furious?

Ø Police was furious as Sivasanker did not consult with him before employing Sidda in his house as a servant.

63. Who brought Sidda in Sivasanker house?

Ø A police inspector and a constable brought Sidda in Sivasanker house.

64. “I will tell the inspector tomorrow”—who will tell the inspector and what will he tell?

Ø Sivasanker will tell the inspector that Sidda has not taken Leela’s chain as that chain has been discovered from their house.

65. “All this bother on account of her”—For whom has the bother been occourred?

Ø All the bother has been occourred for Sivasanker’s daughter Leela.

66. “what a rough fellow he must be”—who said this and about whom?

Ø Sivasanker’s wife said this about Sidda whom they suspected as the thief of Leela’s missing chain.

67. Who discovered the missing chain and from where?

Ø Sivasanker’s wife discovered the missing chain from a tamarind pot in the kitchen.

68. “Don’t go near him”—who said this and to whom and why?

Ø The police said this to Leela. He prevented Leela to go near Sidda as he was a criminal and he had taken her chain away.

69. “ You are not at all a reliable prosecution witness”-- who said this and to whom and why?

Ø The police said this to Leela. He said this because Leela is only five years old.

70. “Baby, if you don’t behave…………”—who is the ‘baby’ here? Who says this?

Ø Here the ‘baby’ is Sivasanker’s five-year old daughter Leela. Sivasanker says this.

71. “He has not taken it”—what is ’it’?

Ø Here ‘it’ is Leela’s missing gold chain.

72. “Take him to the station”—what does the station mean here?

Ø Here the station means the police station.

73. “She clung to Sidda’s hand”—when did she cling to Sidda’s hand?

Ø When the constable was going to take Sidda to the police station, Leela clung to Sidda’s hand.

74. How was the gold chain missing in reality?

Ø In reality long ago Leela herself put her gold chain in the tamarind pot in their kitchen and later she refused everything what she had done. Thus the chain was missing.

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MORE SHORT QUESTIONS

AND

BROAD QUESTION

OF CLASS XI & XII

QUESTION OF THE ONE ACT PLAY "THE RISING OF THE MOON" BY LADY GREGORY

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1. Sketch the character of Sergeant in the one act play The Rising of The Moon by Lady Gregory. OR Discuss the character of the Sergeant.

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2. Character of the Ragged man in the one act play "The Rising of The Moon" by Lady Gregory.

______________________________________

3. Justify the title of the play "The Rising of The Moon". / Significant of the title of the play.

_____________________________________

4. Evaluate the Political importance of the play The Rising of the Moon by Lady Gregory. / Justify the play The Rising of the Moon by Lady Gregory as a political play.

_____________________________________

Sketch the character of Sergeant in the one act play The Rising of The Moon by Lady Gregory. OR Discuss the character of the Sergeant.

Answer: In the one act play the playwright Lady Gregory has fantastically portrayed the the real picture of Ireland when Ireland is under the rule of British government. In that play she has introduced two main characters and sergeant is is one of them. From the very beginning of the play to very end, sergeant remains on the stage. He is totally different from other man. By his exceptional characteristics, he arrests the audience's attention throughout the play.

Sergeant is an Irish by nationalism. He works in Irish police when Ireland is under British rule. So he has to perform his duty against his own nation Ireland under the command of British. In spite of being a patriot in early life, he has to do that because he has to support his family. So it shows that he is a patriot as well as a man obedient and careful to his duty. In his early life he also dreamed of Ireland's freedom, but now he has been appointed to arrest a renowned patriot who leads the revolutionary movement for Ireland against British. In spite of all these, he is very much keen to perform his duty. It shows his loyalty towards duty and law. He knows very well that the whole country depends on police to keep law and order perfect and so he does not want to to break the faith of countrymen in police.

This very character begins to change when a new character appears on the stage. He is described as a ragged man. In course of conversation Sergeant begins to give importance to the ragged man. That man introduces himself as a ballad singer and he sings patriotic song very often in the play. Those songs begin to rouse patriotism in Sergeant's mind. Immeadiately Sergeant recalls his young days when once he dreamed to liberate Ireland from British rule. Now Sergeant's mind is in dilemma. On the one hand, he cannot ignore his duty to arrest the revolutionary and on the other hand he thinks that to help the Irish revolutionary to free Ireland from British is also a duty. At the very end of the play, we see that he helps the rebel who is disguised now as the rugged man, to escape though he had the Chance to get rewards of hundred pounds for arresting him. This great sacrifice makes him a genuine motherland lover.

This character has two sides-- his good side is revealed when he shows his love for country more than his profit and his bad side is revealed when he tells lie to Policeman B and X. He is a dynamic character who changes himself from a dutiful police officer to a patriot.

In Macbeth, why does Macbeth think that he should not kill King Duncan? /OR/ Why did Macbeth hesitate to kill King Duncan?

Macbeth has high regard for King Duncan. He knows that Duncan has been an excellent king, wise and fair, and that the people love him. Macbeth says that "tears shall drown the wind" when Duncan dies.

Macbeth knows that Duncan trusts him and values his service. Shortly before Duncan is murdered, he had made Macbeth Thane of Cawdor to reward him for his loyalty and bravery in fighting against the forces of the King of Norway that had attacked Scotland. Finally, Duncan is a guest in Macbeth's castle. It is Macbeth's responsibility as Duncan's host to protect him, not kill him.

Importance of three witches in Macbeth by Shakespeare / Role of the three witches in Macbeth.

The three witches that are introduced at the very beginning of the play, are responsible for the introduction of the ideas that caused Duncan’s death and Macbeth’s destruction. They hail Macbeth as Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor and King of Scotland. Macbeth is already Thane of Glamis. But when Duncan makes him Thane of Cawdor, he begins to believe the rest of the prophesy of witches will come true that he will be the king.
The witches can predict the future, they can add temptation, and influence Macbeth, but they cannot control his destiny. When he becomes king after murdering Duncan, he chooses to follow up by killing Banquo and Macduff’s family. He is not forced to by the witches. The witches make him believe that he is invincible, so that he fights even when he knows that it will mean his doom. Macbeth's downfall is foreseen planned by the weird sisters, but it was Macbeth's own free will that lead him to it.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

What is Macbeth's state of mind before killing Duncan?

Macbeth, after discussing the crime with Lady Macbeth, has decided to go through with the "terrible feat". Now he sits alone, waiting for the bell which will summon him to murder Duncan and pondering his decision one final time. He is nervous and already feels guilty. We can see this in the part when he has the vision of the bloody dagger floating in air. This clearly shows that he is uncertain about what he is about to do.

But Lady Macbeth and the witches have already wound Macbeth up into a frenzy of ambition and desire for power. So before killing Duncan, he is more motivated by these desires than his conflicts in mind. By the time he is ready to do the dirty deed and ultimately kills Duncan.

The soliloquy of Macbeth relating to the scene of the invisible dagger, is our first glimpse of Macbeth's powerful imagination which is largely responsible for his mental torment throughout the drama.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

"They also serve who only stand and wait"-- Explain the line.

Answer : In Sonnet 19 written by John Milton, the poet laments for losing his eyesight without performing any worthy work when he had eyesight. He expresses his doubt if god will claim from him his due duties now. He knows that it is impossible for him to fulfill it if God demands so as he is blind. Then patients approaches and consoles the poet saying that the poet needs not to be worried. god is infinite and he has countless servants to perform restless duties all over the world. So God will not demand from the poet anything regarding his negligence. Patience assures the poet that they are also the real servant of God who have not done anything for god yet and just waiting to perform duties as soon as God will direct them like the men who always restlessly perform and obey God's order. Both type of men will get equal favour of God.

Question: How is class conflict reflected in the story Doll's House? / Cite Central theme of the story Doll's House.

Answer: During Mansfield's time, New Zealand was a British colony. Then the society was divided in classes- upper class and lower class. This system was so strict and prejudiced that the lower classes people were ignored, hated by the others. The people of upper class did not speak to them; even they did not look at them while passing in front of them. This class and hierarchy system controlled the society and so the behaviour and manner of upper classes towards lower classes became very downgrade. Here the writer showed how two school girls of lower class got ignored, avoided, hated by the other students and teachers.

At the very beginning of the story we see that Burnell children got a doll's house as a gift.This house symbolises so many significant facts. First of all, it is the symbol of upper class people who are rich like Burnell. All the descriptions of the dolls house described in the story is related to the the rich people. The house with chimney, red carpet floor, walls with framed picture, red plush chair in drawing room, in dining room, tables, beds with clothes, cradle, decorated kitchen all these indicate the royalness.

In school also the class conflict is very evident. The writer had divided students into two classes- upper class and lower class and presented them opposite to each other in manner, dressing , eating, profession. The lower class' Kelveys wore very ill-fitting dresses that were given to them by the people for whom their mother worked. For instance, Lil wore a dress made from a green art-serge table cloth of Burnell with red plus sleeves from the Logan's curtains. Also Lil got her hat from postmistress Miss Lecky. All these made others laugh at her. On the other hand, little Else wore a long white dress that looked like a night gown and a pair of boy's boots. Even their eating was very low in quality. while others had their lunch of thick mutton sandwiches and slabs of johnny cake spread with butter, Kelveys ate simple jam sandwiches out of the newspaper.

Besides nobody of the school even the teachers did not talk to them, accompanied them. Elders did not allow their children to speak to them. While passing in front of them they looked up high in the air. Everyone including teachers looked down upon, ignored the Kelveys. They did so because they were very poor, their mother was a washerwoman and their father was probably in jail. Even if anyone tried to accompany them or spoke to them, they were rebuked by all for breaking the custom. So the whole story showed the very clear class conflict. That was the central theme of the story.

How were Kelveys children separated from other children in school? (Eating and dressing) /OR/ Why did all avoided ignored Kelveys?

Qu: How were Kelveys children separated from other children in school? (Eating and dressing)

OR

Why did all avoided ignored Kelveys?

Answer: In the short story The Doll's House the writer Katherine Mansfield has shown the two classes' children and those two classes were totally different and separated from each other. Burnell, Cole, Logan represented upper Rich class whereas Kelveys represented poor lower class. Nobody of the school even the teachers did not talk to them, accompanied them. Elders did not allow their children to speak to them. While passing in front of them they looked up high in the air. everyone including teacher looked down upon, ignored the Kelveys. They did so because they were very poor, their mother was a washerwoman and their father was probably in jail.

In case of eating and dressing they were also separated from other schoolmates. Kelveys wore those ill-fitting dresses that were given to them by the people for whom their mother worked. For instance, Lil wore a dress made from a green art-serge table cloth of Burnell with red plus sleeves from the Logan's curtains. Also Lil got her hat from postmistress Miss Lecky. All these made others laugh at her. On the other hand, little Else wore a long white dress that looked like a night gown and a pair of boy's boots. She looked very strange.

Even their eating was not at the same level of other children. while others had their lunch of thick mutton sandwiches and slabs of johnny cake spread with butter, Kelveys ate simple jam sandwiches out of the newspaper. They ate sitting on a place always keeping well distance from other children. Thus Kelveys were separated from other children.

2. Character of Lady Macbeth.

Lady Macbeth is Shakespeare's most evil feminine creation whose femininity is suppressed by her masculine strength of mind. When we first see her, she is already plotting Duncan’s murder, and she seems more ruthless, and more ambitious than her husband. When she comes to know about witches’ prophecy and when Duncan comes to their house as guest, Lady Macbeth becomes more and more active to commit the murder and begins to incite her husband to do the crime. Ultimately she becomes successful to convince Macbeth to commit the murder. Though she looks very innocent, she was indeed a serpent under it. It is she who steadies her husband’s nerves immediately after the crime. By the close of the play, she has been reduced to sleepwalking through the castle, desperately trying to wash away an invisible bloodstain. Once the sense of guilt comes home to roost.Ultimately she dies as she can no longer bear the torments of her guilt.

1. Was Macbeth a villain or hero? / Character of Macbeth.

The greatest tragic hero of Shakespeare of all time is not Hamlet, but Macbeth. Shakespeare presented Macbeth in such way that as if there was a divorce between the actions of Macbeth and Macbeth himself.

There were some external factors that led Macbeth to commit crime which would prove fatal to him. The first is the supernatural agency of the three witches who turned ‘fair’ Macbeth into ‘foul’ one by making prediction about his future life that he would be the king of Scotland. Lady Macbeth whom some critics consider as the forth witch, incited Macbeth to commit the crime by murdering Duncan.

The innocence of his nature is also evident in his acts, behaviours, doubts, torments that he underwent before the murder. Even after being persuaded by his wife to commit the murder, he suddenly changed his mind. Also the dagger scene revealed his “single state of mind”. After committing the murder, Macbeth not only lost his sleep but also lost his peace of mind during the waking hours.

It was his imagination and his ambition that caused his much torment and ultimately his death. Though Macbeth killed so many people and his dear ones, it will not be entirely justified if he is called the villain. Rather he is a real tragic protagonist.

ALL BROAD QUESTIONS ON "MACBETH" BY SHAKESPEARE

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1. Was Macbeth a villain or hero? / Character of Macbeth.

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2. Character of Lady Macbeth.

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3. What is Macbeth's state of mind before killing Duncan?

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4. Importance / role of the three witches in Macbeth.

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5. In Macbeth, why does Macbeth think that he should not kill King Duncan? /OR/ Why did Macbeth hesitate to kill King Duncan?

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6. How do Lady Macbeth and Macbeth plan to kill Duncan?

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7. Which three apparitions(spirit) do the Witches show Macbeth?

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8. What did the three witches predict for Macbeth and Banquo?

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Friday, October 25, 2019